vicis Latin · revision 4806

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *weyk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɪ.kɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviː.t͡ʃis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vicis''' ''f'' (genitive vicis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The nominative singular and genitive plural do not occur.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wik-|t=turn]], from [[ine-pro|*wik-|t=a turn]], perhaps from a root meaning “to tie, turn”.^(de Vaan 2008) The simple forms point to a root noun, while for [[vicissim]] an i-stem is usually assumed.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[ang|wice]], [[non|vikja|t=to bend, turn]] and [[de|Wechsel|t=change]], and perhaps with [[en|week]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was a turn, a recurring occasion to act, as in ''per vicēs'' “by turns”, and the place someone fills, so ''vice'' “in place of”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was also a lot or plight, an exchange or requital, as Virgil's exchange of words, and ''vice versā'' “with the order reversed”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of things, it was a succession or change of condition.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survives as [[it|vece]], [[fr|fois]] and [[es|vez]].^(Wiktionary) Its derivatives gave English ''vicar'' and ''vicissitude''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil speaks of an exchange of words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''vicar'' is recorded, from ''vicārius''.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''vicissitude'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|turn]], recurring occasion, ''per vicēs'', ''in vicem'', by turns.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The place or part filled by someone; a function.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A plight, lot.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An interchange, ''vice'', in return, ''vice versā'', the other way round.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A requital.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A succession; a change, [[m|en|vicissitude]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[invicem]]

+ * [[vicārius]]

+ * [[vicātim]]

+ * [[vicissim]]

+ * [[vicissitās]]

+ * [[vicissitūdō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vinciō]]

+ * [[vix]]

+ * [[en|vicar]]

+ * [[en|vicissitude]]

+ * [[en|week]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}