radix Latin · revision 4784

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wréh₂ds}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈraː.diːks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈraː.diks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rādīx''' ''f'' (genitive rādīcis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro has a genitive plural ''rādīcium''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wrād-ī-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ur(e)h₂-d-iH-|t=root]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Cognate with [[cy|gwraidd|t=roots]], [[grc|ῥάδιξ|tr=rhádix|t=branch, twig]], [[got|𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃|tr=waúrts|t=root]], [[ang|wyrt|t=plant, root]] and [[non|rót|t=root]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was the root of a plant or tree, as in Caesar's trees undermined at the roots, ''ab rādīcibus'' was “roots and all”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was the root of the hair or teeth, the lower part or base of anything, and the source or origin of something.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also meant a radish and a family or stock.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was also a country seat.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives as [[it|radice]], [[es|raíz]] and [[pt|raiz]].^(Wiktionary) English ''radical'' comes from [[rādīcālis]], and Old English borrowed it as ''rædic'', “radish”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar describes trees undermined at the roots.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''radical'' is recorded, from ''rādīcālis''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|root]] (of a plant), ''ab rādīcibus'', roots and all.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The root (of hair or teeth).^(OLD 2012)

+ # The lower part, base.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The source, origin.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|radish]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # Stock, family.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A country seat.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rādīcīna]]

+ * [[rādīcitus]]

+ * [[rādīcōsus]]

+ * [[rādīcula]]

+ * [[rādīcālis]]

+ * [[multiradix]]

+ * [[uīuerādix]]

+ * [[ērādīcō]]

+ * [[rādīcātus]]

+ * [[rādīcescō]]

+ * [[rādīcō]]

+ * [[rādīcor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rāmus]]

+ * [[en|radical]]

+ * [[en|radish]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore says the root is so called because it plunges into the earth fixed as if by rays (''radiī'').^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}