frango Latin · revision 4775

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *bʰreg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfraŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfraŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''frangō''' (present infinitive frangere, perfect active frēgī, supine frāctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*frang-|t=to break]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰr̥-n-ǵ-|t=to break]], a nasal present of [[ine-pro|*bʰreg-|t=to break]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The long vowel of [[m|la|frāctus]] follows Lachmann's law.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[got|𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽|tr=brikan|t=to break]], [[goh|brehhan|t=to break]] and [[en|break]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to break or shatter, as weapons in Plautus, to fracture a limb, to break into pieces, as bread, and to make water rough.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of breaking eggs and a ring.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein says that ''frangere'' breaks to pieces what is hard and [[rumpō]] tears what is flexible, quoting Cato's ''sī quis membrum rupit aut os frēgit'' “if someone has broken a limb or a bone”.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was to break, crack, pick or harvest, and to break out.^(MLW) It survives as [[it|frangere]] and [[ro|frânge]].^(Wiktionary) English ''fracture'', ''fraction'' and ''fragile'' come from its derivatives.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of breaking weapons and bread.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''fraction'' is recorded, from Late Latin [[frāctiō]].^(Etymonline)

+ * early 15th century – English ''fracture'' is recorded, from [[frāctūra]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|break]], [[m|en|shatter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|fracture]] (a limb).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To break into pieces.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make (water) rough.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumfractus]]

+ * [[cōnfringō]]

+ * [[dēfringō]]

+ * [[diffringō]]

+ * [[effringō]]

+ * [[frāctiō]]

+ * [[fractor]]

+ * [[frāctūra]]

+ * [[frāctus]]

+ * [[fragescō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[suffrāgium]]

+ * [[fragilis]]

+ * [[en|fracture]]

+ * [[en|fraction]]

+ * [[en|fragile]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}