pello Latin · revision 4758

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *pelh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pellō''' (present infinitive pellere, perfect active pepulī, supine pulsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Titinius has an old perfect ''polsī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pelna-|t=to approach]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pl̥-n(e)-h₂-|t=to approach]], a nasal present, with a shift from “bring close to” to “push, impel”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xve|poltos|t=moved]], [[xum|ampentu|t=let him touch]] and [[sga|ad·ella|t=visits]].^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary derives it instead from [[ine-pro|*pel-|t=to drive, strike]] and compares [[grc|πάλλω|tr=pállō|t=to shake, brandish]].^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) The participle [[m|la|pulsus]] replaced an older [[m|la|*poltos]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to beat against, push or strike, as Ennius' rowers strike the water with their oars, to strike a lyre and to knock at a door.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was to set in motion, to stir someone to action, to drive out or banish, to defeat in battle, and to fend off pain.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its compounds were very productive: [[appellō]], [[compellō]], [[expellō]], [[impellō]] and [[repellō]].^(de Vaan 2008) The frequentative [[pulsō]] gave English ''push'' through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius tells rowers to strike the sea with their oars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''push'' is recorded, from Old French ''poulser'', from ''pulsāre''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To beat against, push, strike; to knock at (a door); to strike (a lyre).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To set in motion, drive, [[m|en|impel]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stir to action, move, affect.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To drive away, [[m|en|expel]]; to [[m|en|banish]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|rout]], defeat in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fend off, repel (pain and the like).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[appellō]]

+ * [[aspellō]]

+ * [[compellō]]

+ * [[dēpellō]]

+ * [[dispellō]]

+ * [[expellō]]

+ * [[impellō]]

+ * [[interpellō]]

+ * [[perpellō]]

+ * [[prōpellō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pulsō]]

+ * [[pulsus]]

+ * [[en|push]]

+ * [[en|pulse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}