pono Latin · revision 4756
16 Oct 2026, 00:11 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Naevius|origins=la sinō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpoː.noː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɔː.no]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pōnō''' (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī or posīvī, supine positum or postum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ The old perfect is ''posīvī'', in Plautus, Cato and inscriptions (''poseivei'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|po-|sinō|t1=away, off|t2=to let, place]], through [[m|la|*po-sinō]], [[m|la|*posnō]] and [[m|la|*poznō]], “to put down”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The old perfect [[m|la|posīvī]] was the regular perfect of [[m|la|sinō]], and when the link was lost [[m|la|posuī]] was formed to the participle [[m|la|positus]].^(de Vaan 2008) Georges takes the prefix as the equivalent of [[grc|ἀπό|tr=apó|t=away]].^(Georges 1913)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Classical Latin it was to place, set or put, to set up a monument, to lay foundations and so to build, to plant trees, to serve food, and to put down or lay down arms.^(OLD 2012) It was also to appoint or ordain, to put away or forgo, and in argument to posit or assume.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ Its compounds were many: [[compōnō]], [[dēpōnō]], [[expōnō]], [[impōnō]], [[oppōnō]] and [[prōpōnō]].^(de Vaan 2008) It survives as [[it|porre]], [[fr|pondre]], [[es|poner]], [[pt|pôr]] and [[ro|pune]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato tells the farmer to plant cuttings (''pōnitō'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''position'' is recorded, from ''positiō''.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1690s – English ''posit'' is recorded, from the participle ''positus''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To place, set, put.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To set up, [[m|en|erect]] (a monument).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To lay (foundations); to build, found.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To plant (trees).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To serve (food); to put on (a show).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To lay down, put aside (arms, a feeling).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To appoint, ordain.^(Wiktionary)
+ # To [[m|en|posit]], assume, suppose.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[antepōnō]]
+ * [[appōnō]]
+ * [[circumpōnō]]
+ * [[compōnō]]
+ * [[contrāpōnō]]
+ * [[dēpōnō]]
+ * [[dispōnō]]
+ * [[expōnō]]
+ * [[impōnō]]
+ * [[interpōnō]]
+ * [[oppōnō]]
+ * [[positiō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[appositus]]
+ * [[appositiō]]
+ * [[circumpositus]]
+ * [[compositus]]
+ * [[compositiō]]
+ * [[dēpositus]]
+ * [[dēpositiō]]
+ * [[dispositus]]
+ * [[dispositiō]]
+ * [[expositus]]
+ * [[sinō]]
+ * [[en|position]]
+ * [[en|posit]]
+ * [[en|pose]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}