pretium Latin · revision 4755

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *preti}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprɛ.ti.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɛt.t͡si.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pretium''' ''n'' (genitive pretiī or pretī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has an old ablative plural ''pretieis''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*preti-o-|t=exchange value]], from [[ine-pro|*preti|t=against]], a variant of the preposition seen in [[sa|प्रति|tr=práti|t=towards, against]], [[grc|προτί|tr=protí|t=towards]] and [[cu|противъ|tr=protivŭ|t=against]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan says there is no viable alternative to this derivation.^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis & Short compared [[grc|πιπράσκω|tr=pipráskō|t=to sell]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was a reward or prize, as in Plautus, a return or compensation for something, and the value or price of a thing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''In pretiō esse'' was to be valued, and it could be a precious possession, a bribe, a ransom or a penalty.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was a wergeld, a bridegroom's gift to the bride, a purchase price and a means of payment.^(Niermeyer 1976) Proto-Romance ''*/ˈprεti-u/'' “price, value” is continued in almost all Romance languages.^(DÉRom) It survives as [[it|prezzo]], [[pt|preço]] and [[ro|preț]], and Old French ''pris'' gave English ''price'' and ''prize''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a reward.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''price'' is recorded, from Old French ''pris''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|reward]], recompense, [[m|en|prize]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A return, compensation (for something).^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Value]], worth; [[m|en|price]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''In pretiō esse'', to be valued.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A precious thing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Pay, hire; a [[m|en|bribe]]; a [[m|en|ransom]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|wergeld]]; a bride-price.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[appretiō]]

+ * [[dēpretiō]]

+ * [[interpretium]]

+ * [[manū̆pretium]]

+ * [[pretiō]]

+ * [[pretiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[interpres]]

+ * [[en|price]]

+ * [[en|prize]]

+ * [[en|appreciate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore wrote that it is called ''pretium'' because we give it first (''prius'') to get what we want in exchange.^(Isidore) Döderlein contrasts [[praemium]], a prize of honour.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}