raw English · revision 4751

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1000|origins=gem-pro *hrawaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rɔː/, US /rɑː/, /rɔː/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|rau]], [[inh|ang|hrēaw|t=uncooked]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*hrawaz]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) also the source of Old Saxon hrāo, Dutch rauw, German roh and Old Norse hrár.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It goes back to [[ine-pro|*krewh₂-|alt=*kreue-|t=raw flesh]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) which also gave Latin crūdus “raw” and cruor “blood”, Greek kréas “meat”, Lithuanian kraũjas “blood” and Sanskrit kravís “raw flesh”.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) It is related to [[crude]] and [[cruel]].^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Uncooked: about 1000 in the OED and Barnhart.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle English also used it of things not yet worked, such as unspun silk, unfulled cloth and untanned hides.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Of skin, tender and sore, as when the flesh is exposed, is from about 1390.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Of weather, damp and chilly, is from 1546.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Of people, inexperienced or untrained, is from about 1500 in Etymonline and probably before 1590 in Barnhart.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Pigment names such as ''raw umber'' are by 1688, and ''raw material'' is from 1740 in Etymonline and 1796 in Barnhart.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Of data, not yet processed, is from 1904.^(Etymonline) The noun, exposed flesh, is from 1823, in Byron,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) which led to ''in the raw'', naked (1921).^(Etymonline) A ''raw deal'' is by 1893.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – uncooked.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1390 – sore, of skin.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1500 – inexperienced.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1546 – damp and chilly, of weather.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1591 – ''raw-boned''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1740 – ''raw material''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1823 – noun, exposed flesh.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1893 – ''raw deal''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1904 – of data, unprocessed.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not cooked: ''raw fish''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # In its natural state; not processed or refined: ''raw sugar'', ''raw materials''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Of data, not yet analysed or adjusted.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Sore, with the skin rubbed off.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Untrained and inexperienced: ''a raw recruit''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Of weather, cold and [[damp]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Strong and not hidden, of feelings: ''raw emotion''.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''in the raw'': in a natural state; [[naked]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rawly]]

+ * [[rawness]]

+ * [[rawish]]

+ * [[rawishness]]

+ * [[rawboned]]

+ * [[rawhide]]

+ * [[semiraw]]

+ * [[raw bar]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crude]]

+ * [[cruel]]

+ * [[creosote]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}