marine English · revision 4745

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1420|origins=la marinus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /məˈriːn/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|maryne]], [[bor|frm|marin|t=of the sea]], feminine marine,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and directly from [[la|marīnus|t=of the sea]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from mare “sea”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[ine-pro|*móri|alt=*mori-|t=body of water]].^(Etymonline) Latin mare is cognate with Gothic marei, German Meer, Old English mere “sea, lake” (the source of [[mere]]), Irish muir and Welsh môr.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) It is related to [[mariner]], [[maritime]] and [[mermaid]].^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Of the sea, found in the sea: about 1420 in the OED,^(OED 1989) probably 1440 in Barnhart, in a translation of Palladius,^(Barnhart 1988) the mid-15th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) The Old English word was sǣlic.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A noun marine meaning seacoast or the area by the sea is found before 1375,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and survives in [[marina]].^(Barnhart 1988) The shipping or fleet of a country is from 1669,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and a soldier serving on a ship from 1672,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) a new borrowing from French marine with no connection to the earlier noun.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Marines were at first any men serving on a ship, but from the late 17th century the word was restricted to troops trained to fight on land or sea,^(Cresswell 2021) now especially the Royal Marines or the United States Marine Corps.^(Cresswell 2021)^(AHD) ''Tell that to the marines'', expressing disbelief, is from 1805.^(Etymonline) Of painters, depicting the sea, is from 1883.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * a. 1375 – noun, the seacoast.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1420 – adjective, of the sea.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1566 – of shipping or maritime affairs.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1669 – a country's shipping.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1672 – a soldier serving on a ship.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1805 – ''tell that to the marines''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1883 – of a painter, depicting the sea.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of, found in or produced by the [[sea]]: ''marine life''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Relating to shipping or [[navigation]]: ''marine insurance''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Relating to marines.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A soldier trained to serve on land or at sea, especially a member of the Royal Marines or the [[United States Marine Corps]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The ships or shipping of a country.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A picture of a sea scene.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aeromarine]]

+ * [[fluviomarine]]

+ * [[gyrene]]

+ * [[intermarine]]

+ * [[nonmarine]]

+ * [[semimarine]]

+ * [[submarine]]

+ * [[supermarine]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[marina]]

+ * [[mariner]]

+ * [[maritime]]

+ * [[mermaid]]

+ * [[mere]]

+ * [[marinate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}