caro Latin · revision 4733

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *k(e)rH-n-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.roː], [ˈkaː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.ro], [ˈkaː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''carō''' ''f'' (genitive carnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Livius Andronicus has a nominative ''carnis'', and Plautus an ablative ''carnī''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kerō(n)|t=piece of meat]], [[inh|ine-pro|*k(e)rH-n-|t=piece]], first a portion of meat.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) Cognate with [[xum|karu|t=part]] and [[osc|carneis|t=of a part]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) De Vaan links it further with verbs for “to separate”, [[sga|scaraid|t=separates]] and [[lt|skìrti|t=to separate]], and Wiktionary with [[grc|κείρω|tr=keírō|t=to cut off]] and [[en|shear]], from [[ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to cut]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Livius Andronicus speaks of meat and wine served at a meal.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was the flesh of animals and of the human body, and meat as food, as in Caesar's Germans who live on milk, cheese and meat.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was also the pulp of fruit, and Pliny uses it of a flaw in emeralds.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Figuratively it meant the richness of a style.^(Wiktionary) Döderlein contrasts it with [[pulpa]], tasty flesh, and [[viscera]].^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Christian Latin it was the flesh as opposed to the spirit: the human body, man's physical side, carnal lusts and mankind.^(Niermeyer 1976) Proto-Romance ''*/ˈkarn-e/'' “flesh” is continued in every Romance language.^(DÉRom) It survives as [[it|carne]], [[fr|chair]], [[pt|carne]] and [[ro|carne]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of meat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of flesh.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar says the Germans live on milk, cheese and meat.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''carnival'' is recorded, from Italian ''carnevale'', from ''carō'' and ''levāre''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Flesh]] (of animals or of the body).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|Meat]], as food.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|pulp]] of fruit; sapwood.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Richness (of discourse).^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The flesh, the human body; carnal desires; mankind.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[carnālis]]

+ * [[carnārium]]

+ * [[carnārius]]

+ * [[carnātiō]]

+ * [[carnātus]]

+ * [[carneus]]

+ * [[carnicula]]

+ * [[carnifex]]

+ * [[carniger]]

+ * [[carnivorus]]

+ * [[carnōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[carnālitās]]

+ * [[carnāliter]]

+ * [[carnificīna]]

+ * [[carnificius]]

+ * [[carnificō]]

+ * [[corium]]

+ * [[curtus]]

+ * [[en|carnival]]

+ * [[en|carnal]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore derived it from ''creāre'' “to create”.^(Isidore) A different verb ''cārō, cārere'' meant “to card (wool)”, in Plautus and Varro.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}