cribrum Latin · revision 4732
16 Oct 2026, 00:11 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *krei-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkriː.brũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkriː.brum]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''crībrum''' ''n'' (genitive crībrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kreiþro-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*krei-dʰro-|t=sieve]], from the root [[ine-pro|*krei-|t=to sift, separate]] seen in [[cernō]] “to sift”, with the instrument suffix [[m|la|-brum]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[sga|críathar|t=sieve]], [[cy|crwydr|t=sieve]] and [[ang|hrīdder|t=sieve]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It was a sieve, for flour or other things, in Cato, Cicero, Columella, Pliny and Ovid.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Plautus jokingly calls a slave whose back was pierced with goads a sieve of the executioners.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In medieval Latin it was a sieve, also figuratively, what is sifted, and a measure, and it also had technical uses in alchemy, music and mathematics.^(MLW)^(DMLBS) It survives as [[fr|crible]], [[it|crivo]], [[es|criba]] and [[pt|crivo]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato lists it among farm tools.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''riddle'' “coarse sieve”, from a cognate Old English word, is recorded in this form.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|sieve]], [[m|en|riddle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' What is sifted; a measure; a sieve in [[m|en|alchemy]] or mathematics.^(MLW)^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[crībellum]]
+ * [[crībrārius]]
+ * [[crībrō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[cernō]]
+ * [[certus]]
+ * [[en|riddle]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}