figo Latin · revision 4731

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dʰeigʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfiː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfiː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fīgō''' (present infinitive fīgere, perfect active fīxī, supine fīxum or fīctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An older present ''fīvere'' is reported by Paul the Deacon's Festus, with ''offīvēbant'' in a gloss.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro and Lucretius have a participle ''fīctus'' beside ''fīxus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ine-pro|*dʰeigʷ-e/o-|t=to stick, set up]] or [[m|ine-pro|*dʰiHgʷ-e/o-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The older present [[m|la|fīvere]] kept the regular outcome of /gʷ/ between vowels, and the /g/ was brought in from the perfect [[m|la|fīxī]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[lt|díegti|t=to plant, sting]] and perhaps [[xum|fiktu]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary adds [[en|ditch]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears in the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus and in Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to drive in or fix nails and stakes, ''clāvum fīgere'' being the religious rite of driving in a nail, to pierce or transfix, to fasten up a notice on a wall, and to nail a person, ''cruci fīgere'' “to crucify”.^(OLD 2012) It was to plant or set down, and so to establish.^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of planting swords in the enemy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was to fasten, attach, hang up, and also to crucify.^(MLW) It survives as [[it|figgere]].^(Wiktionary) Its participle ''fīxus'' gave English ''fix''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a ship often pierced.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of crosses set up for punishment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''fix'' is recorded, from ''fīxus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drive in, fix in (nails, stakes), ''clāvum fīgere'', to drive in a nail.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|pierce]], [[m|en|transfix]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fasten up, nail up (on a wall).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To nail (a person), ''cruci fīgere'', to [[m|en|crucify]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To set up, fix in position; to plant; to establish.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To affirm, assert.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[affīgō]]

+ * [[antefīxus]]

+ * [[circumfīgō]]

+ * [[cōnfīgō]]

+ * [[dēfīgō]]

+ * [[fībula]]

+ * [[fixus]]

+ * [[īnfīgō]]

+ * [[offīgō]]

+ * [[perfīgō]]

+ * [[praefīgō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|fix]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}