granum Latin · revision 4727

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵr̥h₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡraː.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡraː.num]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grānum''' ''n'' (genitive grānī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*grāno-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵr̥h₂-no-|t=grain]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan prefers to read it as “what has ripened”, from the root of [[sa|जरन्ति|tr=járanti|t=they make old]], rather than “what has been ground”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|grán|t=grain]], [[cy|grawn|t=grain]], [[lt|žìrnis|t=pea]], [[cu|зръно|tr=zrŭno|t=grain]], [[got|𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽|tr=kaúrn|t=grain]] and [[en|corn]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus speaks of refusing to give a grain of wheat.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was the seed of a cereal, a grain, the seed of other plants such as grapes and figs, and a small round particle, of incense in Plautus or of salt in Pliny.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was corn, especially wheat, the harvest, and the scarlet dye kermes, called grain, and a small weight.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(MLW) It survives as [[it|grano]], [[fr|grain]], [[es|grano]], [[pt|grão]] and [[ro|grâu]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of wheat and of incense.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a fig seed.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''grain'' is recorded, through Old French ''grain''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|grain]], [[m|en|seed]] (of cereals and other plants).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A small particle (of incense or salt).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Corn, wheat; the harvest.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(MLW)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|Kermes]], scarlet grain; a small weight.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[grānārium]]

+ * [[grānātim]]

+ * [[grānātus]]

+ * [[graneus]]

+ * [[grānifer]]

+ * [[grānōsus]]

+ * [[grānulum]]

+ * [[centigrānius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|grain]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}