mando Latin · revision 4723

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=la manus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈman.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈman.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mandō''' (present infinitive mandāre, perfect active mandāvī, supine mandātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|manus|-dō|t1=hand|t2=to put]], literally “to put in the hand”, with a change of conjugation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) Wiktionary traces it to [[itc-pro|*manuðō]], which also has reflexes in Oscan.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius uses it of handing someone over to the enemy.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to hand over or consign, to commit seeds to the ground or the dead to the tomb, and ''fugae sē mandāre'' was to take to flight.^(OLD 2012) It was to commit to writing or to memory, and to entrust to someone's care, as a music girl in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) From giving a commission it came to mean to instruct, order or command, to send word, and to order something to be made.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It survives as [[it|mandare]], [[fr|mander]] and [[es|mandar]].^(Wiktionary) English ''mandate'' comes from [[mandātum]], ''demand'' from ''dēmandāre'' and ''command'' from a Vulgar Latin compound.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of entrusting a girl and a task.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''memoriae mandāre'' “to commit to memory”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English ''mandate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To hand over, [[m|en|consign]]; to commit (to the ground, to the tomb).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''Fugae sē mandāre'', to take to flight.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To commit (to writing), ''memoriae mandāre'', to commit to memory.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|entrust]], give into someone's care.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|commission]]; to order, [[m|en|command]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To send word, report.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[āmandō]]

+ * [[commendō]]

+ * [[dēmandō]]

+ * [[mandātēla]]

+ * [[mandatiuus]]

+ * [[mandātor]]

+ * [[mandatrix]]

+ * [[mandātum]]

+ * [[mandātus]]

+ * [[praemandō]]

+ * [[remandō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manus]]

+ * [[en|mandate]]

+ * [[en|command]]

+ * [[en|demand]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different verb, ''mandō, mandere'', meant “to chew”; it is inherited from [[ine-pro|*m̥t-n(é)-h₂-|t=to stir]], and Cicero contrasts animals that suck, crop, devour and chew (''mandunt'').^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein contrasts [[iubeō]], to bid by one's own will, and [[imperō]], to command by authority.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}