orbus Latin · revision 4719

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃erbʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɔr.bʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔr.bus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''orbus''' (feminine orba, neuter orbum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*orfo-|t=heir, orphan]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃orbʰ-o-|t=one who changes status]], from [[ine-pro|*h₃erbʰ-|t=to change ownership]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|ὀρφανός|tr=orphanós|t=orphaned]], [[hy|որբ|tr=orb|t=orphan]], [[sga|orb|t=heir]] and [[sa|अर्भ|tr=árbha|t=small]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was bereaved of a relative or a dear one, orphaned, and childless, as Cicero's childless old man.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was used generally of being left desolate, without helpers, or deprived of anything, and in Apuleius of being blind.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was blind, and also bereaved and childless.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives as [[it|orbo]] and [[ro|orb]].^(Wiktionary) English ''orphan'' comes from the Greek cognate through Late Latin [[orphanus]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of a childless old man.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''orphan'' is recorded, from Late Latin ''orphanus'', from the Greek cognate.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Bereaved]] (of a relative).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|Orphan|alt=Orphaned]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Childless]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Left desolate, without protectors.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Deprived, destitute (of something).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # [[m|en|Blind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[orba]]

+ * [[orbificō]]

+ * [[orbitās]]

+ * [[orbitūdō]]

+ * [[orbō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[orbātiō]]

+ * [[orbātor]]

+ * [[en|orphan]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}