pax Latin · revision 4718

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peh₂ḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpaːks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pāx''' ''f'' (genitive pācis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pāk-|t=agreement, peace]], [[inh|ine-pro|*peh₂ḱ-|t=agreement]], from the root “to fix, join”, as in [[pacīscor]] “to make a bargain”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[xum|pase|t=peace]] and [[xum|pacer|t=merciful, propitious]], and further with [[sa|पाश|tr=pā́śa-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) Festus reports that Sinnius Capito derived it from [[pactiō]] “agreement”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was first a pact ending or averting war, a peace treaty, and the favour granted by the gods.^(OLD 2012) ''Tuā pāce'' meant “by your leave”, and ''pāx'' was also peaceful life as opposed to war, ''pāx Rōmāna'' the order of the Roman empire, the goddess Peace, and the calm of the sea and winds.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) As an interjection ''pāx!'' meant “enough!”, in Plautus and Terence.^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) Döderlein contrasts [[ōtium]], quiet times, and [[concordia]], internal harmony.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was refraining from violence, the settling of a private feud, and the keeping of order.^(Niermeyer 1976) In Ecclesiastical Latin it was the kiss of peace.^(Etymonline) It survives as [[it|pace]], [[fr|paix]], [[es|paz]] and [[ro|pace]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero contrasts peace and war (''in pāce, in bellō'').^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-12th century – English ''peace'' is recorded, from Anglo-French ''pes''.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''pax'' “kiss of peace” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pact]], peace treaty, settlement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The favour of the gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Tuā pāce'', by your leave.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|Peace]], as opposed to war, ''pāx Rōmāna'', the Roman peace.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Calm (of the sea or winds).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''Pāx'', the goddess of peace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The kiss of peace.^(Etymonline)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The settling of a feud; public order.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # Enough! Silence!^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pācālis]]

+ * [[pācifer]]

+ * [[pācificus]]

+ * [[pācō]]

+ * [[pācātē]]

+ * [[pācātiō]]

+ * [[pācātor]]

+ * [[pācātōrius]]

+ * [[pācātum]]

+ * [[pācātus]]

+ * [[pācificō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pacīscor]]

+ * [[compecīscor]]

+ * [[compectum]]

+ * [[pangō]]

+ * [[en|peace]]

+ * [[en|pay]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}