rumpo Latin · revision 4657

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *Hrewp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrʊm.poː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrum.po]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rumpō''' (present infinitive rumpere, perfect active rūpī, supine ruptum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The Twelve Tables have an old form ''rupsit'' for ''rūperit''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ru-n-p-|t=to break]], [[inh|ine-pro|*Hru-n-p-|t=to break]], a nasal present of the root [[ine-pro|*Hrewp-|t=to break]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|लुम्पति|tr=lumpáti|t=breaks]], [[sa|रोपयति|tr=ropáyati|t=breaks off]] and [[ang|rēofan|t=to break, tear]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables use it in the law of retaliation: if someone has broken a limb and does not settle, let there be retaliation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to burst or split open, to rupture a body, to break through bonds or barriers, to open a passage by force, and to make liquids or forces burst out.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it was to break off, interrupt, violate a treaty or law, and cut short.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein says that [[frangō]] breaks what is hard and ''rumpere'' tears what is flexible.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives as [[it|rompere]], [[fr|rompre]], [[es|romper]] and [[ro|rupe]].^(Wiktionary) The phrase ''rupta via'' “a road broken through” gave English ''route'', and French ''route'' “a breaking off” gave ''rout''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of breaking chains.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''route'' is recorded, from Old French ''rute'', from ''rupta via''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1560s – English ''bankrupt'' is recorded, from Italian ''banca rotta'' “a broken bench”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|burst]], break, split open.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|rupture]] (a part of the body).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To break through (bonds, barriers).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To open (a passage) by force.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cause to burst forth; in the passive, to break out.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To break off, interrupt; to [[m|en|violate]] (a law or treaty).^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abrumpō]]

+ * [[corrumpō]]

+ * [[dēruptus]]

+ * [[dīrumpō]]

+ * [[ērumpō]]

+ * [[interrumpō]]

+ * [[intrōrumpō]]

+ * [[irrumpō]]

+ * [[irruptus]]

+ * [[perrumpō]]

+ * [[praerumpō]]

+ * [[prōrumpō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rūpēs]]

+ * [[rupex]]

+ * [[en|route]]

+ * [[en|rout]]

+ * [[en|bankrupt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}