iuvenis Latin · revision 4656

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂iu-h₁en-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjʊ.wɛ.nɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjuː.ve.nis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iuvenis''' ''m'' or f (genitive iuvenis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*juwen-|t=young]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂iu-h₁en-|t=having vital force, young]], an n-stem later made into an i-stem.^(de Vaan 2008) The comparative [[iūnior]] is contracted from [[m|la|iuvenior]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|युवन्|tr=yúvan-|t=young, young man]], [[ae|yuuan-|t=youth]], [[lt|jáunas|t=young]] and [[cu|юнъ|tr=junŭ|t=young]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a noun it was a young man, technically any adult man up to forty-five, a young person of either sex, and in the plural the members of local clubs of young men.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary places it between [[adulēscēns]] and [[senex]].^(Wiktionary) As an adjective it was young of persons and animals, youthful in looks, and fresh of plants.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Medieval writers used the adjective of persons, animals and plants.^(DMLBS) It survives as [[it|giovane]], [[es|joven]], [[pt|jovem]] and [[ro|june]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a young man.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore explains the name from ''iuvāre'' “to help”.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A young man, [[m|en|youth]] (in law, any man up to forty-five).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A young person; a young woman.^(OLD 2012)

+ # In the plural, members of a club of young men.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Young]], youthful.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Fresh, vigorous (of plants).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aevum]]

+ * [[iūgis]]

+ * [[iūs]]

+ * [[iuvencus]]

+ * [[iūnior]]

+ * [[en|young]]

+ * [[en|juvenile]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore says the young man is so called because he begins to be able to help (''iuvāre''), as young bullocks are called ''iuvencī''.^(Isidore) English ''young'' is a Germanic cognate, from Old English ''geong''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}