sententia Latin · revision 4643

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la sentiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sɛnˈtɛn.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [senˈtɛn.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sententia''' ''f'' (genitive sententiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from earlier [[m|la|*sentientia]], from the participle of [[sentio|alt=sentiō]] “to feel, perceive” and [[m|la|-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary also mentions a Proto-Italic [[m|itc-pro|*sententjā]] continuing an old aorist, and Etymonline calls the form an irregular, dissimilated formation.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, in the Epidicus, says “unless your opinion is otherwise”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a way of thinking, opinion, and in respect of the future a purpose or intention.^(OLD 2012) In politics it was the opinion a senator gave when asked, in effect his vote, and a vote in any assembly or of a juror.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It was also an authoritative decision, especially a judicial sentence.^(OLD 2012) In language it meant a thought or idea, as Cicero says Pericles and Thucydides abounded more in ideas than words, the sense or meaning of a word, a maxim, and a sentence or clause.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Isidore defines a ''sententia'' as an impersonal saying, quoting Terence: compliance wins friends, truth breeds hatred.^(Isidore) Döderlein contrasts ''sententia'', a view based on clear conviction, with [[opinio|alt=opīniō]], an opinion based on feeling.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was also a condemnation or punishment.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|sentence]] is recorded around 1200 as doctrine or an authoritative pronouncement.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of opinion and purpose.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of votes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of ideas and votes in the senate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore defines it as an impersonal saying.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''sentence'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An opinion, way of thinking.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A purpose, intention.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An opinion given in the senate; a vote.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A decision, decree; a judicial [[m|en|sentence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A thought, idea; the sense or meaning of words.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|maxim]], aphorism.^(Wiktionary)^(Isidore)

+ # ''(grammar)'' A sentence, clause.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A condemnation, punishment.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sententiālis]]

+ * [[sententiola]]

+ * [[sententiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sentio|alt=sentiō]]

+ * [[en|sentence]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}