arrest English · revision 4641

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1375|origins=la restare}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /əˈrest/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|aresten]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|arester|t=to stay, stop]] (12th century, modern arrêter),^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from Vulgar Latin *arrestāre “to stop, restrain”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from ad “to” and Latin restāre “to stop, remain behind”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) from re- “back” and stāre “to stand”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|alt=*sta-|t=to stand]].^(Etymonline) The second r was added in English to restore what was thought to be the original Latin form.^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[rest]] “remainder” and [[stand]].^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Intransitive, to stop, halt, and to remain: about 1325 in the OED, senses now obsolete.^(OED 1989) To stop a person, or a thing in motion, and to seize and restrain legally: 1375, in John Barbour's The Bruce.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) The noun, a stopping: also 1375.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The legal sense of the noun, the taking of a person into custody to answer a charge, is from the early 15th century.^(Etymonline) The literal sense of stopping a person has been obsolete since about 1600, except of a course of action,^(OED 1989) but stopping a process or movement survives, as in ''arrested development''.^(AHD)^(OED 1989) To catch and hold the attention is from 1814.^(Etymonline) In medicine, ''cardiac arrest'' gave the intransitive verb “to suffer cardiac arrest” in 1982.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1325 – to stop, halt (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1375 – to seize legally; noun, a stopping.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * early 15th century – noun, legal custody.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1814 – to catch the attention.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1982 – to suffer cardiac arrest.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To seize and hold a person by legal authority.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To stop or check the progress of: ''arrest the decline''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To catch and hold the [[attention]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To suffer [[cardiac arrest]].^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of arresting a person, or the state of being arrested: ''under arrest''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A stopping or checking: ''cardiac arrest''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrester]]

+ * [[arrestment]]

+ * [[arrestable]]

+ * [[postarrest]]

+ * [[prearrest]]

+ * [[arrestee]]

+ * [[rearrest]]

+ * [[arresting]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rest]]

+ * [[stand]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}