talio Latin · revision 4631

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tāliō''' ''f'' (genitive tāliōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Lewis & Short and Gaffiot derive it from [[talis|alt=tālis]] “such”, while the OLD compares [[sga|im-thānad|t=alternation]] and [[cy|tal|t=payment]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) Isidore explains it as the punishment by which one suffers just as one has done, [[m|la|tāliter]].^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables prescribe it for one who breaks a limb, unless he settles with the injured person, as Verrius Flaccus reports.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a legal term for punishment like the injury inflicted, an eye for an eye, retaliation in kind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato, Cicero and Seneca the Elder use it, and Gellius discusses the law of the Twelve Tables on it.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Martial uses ''sine tāliōne'' for “unpunished”.^(Georges 1913) Döderlein distinguishes ''tāliō'', retaliation, from [[vindicta]], an act of justice, and [[ultio|alt=ultiō]], an act of anger.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was also a wergeld, an indemnity, and a present given in return.^(Niermeyer 1976) British writers used it of revenge and of reward for service.^(DMLBS) Its descendants include [[fr|talion]] and [[en|talion]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables prescribe it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato mentions it.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius discusses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore defines it.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(law)'' Punishment in kind, [[m|en|retaliation]], [[m|en|talion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|wergeld]]; an indemnity; a return gift.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Revenge; a reward.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|tailor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different, Late Latin word is the verb ''tāliō, tāliāre'' “to cut, prune”, related to [[talea|alt=tālea]] “rod, cutting”.^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913)^(Etymonline) It is the source of [[it|tagliare]] and [[fr|tailler]], and so of [[en|tailor]], “a cutter”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}