noise English · revision 4625

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1200|origins=la nausea}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /nɔɪz/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|noise]],^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|noise|t=din, uproar, brawl; rumour]] (11th century),^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) a word of uncertain origin.^(Etymonline) According to most sources it is from [[la|nausea|t=seasickness]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) through a Gallo-Romance sense “annoyance, discomfort”,^(Barnhart 1988) the source of [[nausea]];^(Cresswell 2021) others derive it from Latin noxia “hurt, injury”.^(Etymonline) The OED considers the sense against both, and Barnhart finds the disparity of sense and form hard to accept.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It replaced native gedyn, the source of [[din]].^(Etymonline) In modern French noise survives only in chercher noise, “to pick a quarrel”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The sound of a musical instrument: about 1200 in Etymonline, probably before 1200 in Barnhart, in the Ancrene Riwle.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Loud outcry or clamour: before 1225 in the OED.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A loud or disagreeable sound of any kind is from about 1290,^(OED 1989) about 1300 in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Rumour, report or scandal is from 1297, now obsolete,^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) as is strife or quarrelling (1484).^(OED 1989) In Middle English it could also be a pleasant sound,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) and in the 16th and 17th centuries a band of musicians.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) ''Noises off'', in the theatre, is by 1908,^(Etymonline) and ''make noises'', to say something vaguely, from 1951.^(OED 1989) The verb meant “to praise” about 1380, in Chaucer, and “to spread by rumour” in the late 14th century, as in ''it was noised abroad''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) ''Noisy'' is from 1693, in Dryden.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1200 – the sound of an instrument.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * a. 1225 – clamour.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1290 – a loud sound.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1297 – rumour (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1380 – verb, to praise.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1693 – ''noisy''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1908 – ''noises off''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A sound, especially a loud, unpleasant or unwanted one.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A loud outcry or commotion.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(technical)'' Random disturbance that obscures a [[signal]] or reduces the clarity of data.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''noises'': remarks expressing a feeling or intention, often vaguely: ''making encouraging noises''.^(OED 1989)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To spread a [[rumour]]: ''it was noised abroad''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[noiseless]]

+ * [[noiselessly]]

+ * [[antinoise]]

+ * [[noisemaker]]

+ * [[noiseproof]]

+ * [[noisy]]

+ * [[Johnson noise]]

+ * [[thermal noise]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nausea]]

+ * [[din]]

+ * [[annoy]]

+ * [[noisome]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}