catholic English · revision 4618

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1350|origins=grc καθολικός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈkæθ.əl.ɪk/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|catholik]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|frm|catholique]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(Hoad 1986) and directly [[der|la-lat|catholicus|t=universal, general]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) from [[grc|καθολικός|tr=katholikós|t=universal, general]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021) from the phrase kath' holou “on the whole, in general”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from kata “about, in respect of” and holos “whole”,^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) from [[ine-pro|*solh₂-|alt=*sol-|t=whole]].^(Etymonline) It is related to [[holistic]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Of the doctrines of the ancient undivided Church, universally accepted: about 1350 in Barnhart, in a Medieval Psalter,^(Barnhart 1988) the mid-14th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) Old English rendered the Latin word as eallgeleaflic.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Medieval Latin catholicus was practically a synonym of Christianus, meaning conforming to the Church as opposed to local sects and heresies.^(Etymonline) After the Reformation began in England, Protestants applied it, with a capital C, to the Church of Rome by about 1554,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and a member of the Roman Church is ''a Catholic'' by 1570.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) The general sense, universal, of interest to all, is from 1551,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) the 1550s in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) and “not narrow-minded, broad in sympathies and tastes” from the 1580s.^(Etymonline) ''Catholicism'' is from 1609.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1350 – of the universal Church.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1551 – universal.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1554 – of the Roman Church.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1570 – noun, a Roman Catholic.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1580s – broad-minded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1609 – ''catholicism''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Broad or wide-ranging in scope; [[liberal]]: ''catholic tastes''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Universal; concerning all people.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''Catholic'': of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], or of the whole Christian church.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Catholic'': a member of a Catholic church, especially a Roman Catholic.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[catholically]]

+ * [[catholicize]]

+ * [[catholicalness]]

+ * [[catholicism]]

+ * [[catholicity]]

+ * [[uncatholic]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[holistic]]

+ * [[holocaust]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}