deliver English · revision 4617

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=a. 1225|origins=la liber}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /dɪˈlɪv.ə/, US /dɪˈlɪv.ɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|deliveren]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|delivrer|t=to set free; remove; hand over]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[la-lat|dēlīberāre]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from dē “away” and Latin līberāre “to free”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(NODE 1998) from līber “free”,^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) the source of [[liberate]] and [[liberty]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To save, rescue, set free: about 1200 in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) probably before 1200 in Barnhart, in the Ancrene Riwle,^(Barnhart 1988) before 1225 in the OED.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To hand over or transfer is from about 1280 in Barnhart and about 1300 in Etymonline, a sense opposed to the word's original meaning.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) To bring a woman to childbirth, that is, to unburden or set her free, is from about 1300.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) To project, throw or strike is from about 1400 in Etymonline^(Etymonline) and 1597 in Barnhart,^(Barnhart 1988) and to utter, as a speech, from the 16th century.^(Hoad 1986) Letters and goods have been delivered since the late Middle Ages.^(Cresswell 2021) ''Stand and deliver'' was the highwayman's demand, recorded in an early 18th-century account of highwaymen,^(Cresswell 2021) and ''deliver the goods'', to provide what was promised, is American, from political debate of the 1870s.^(Cresswell 2021) ''Deliverance'' is from about 1300^(Barnhart 1988) and ''delivery'' from 1425.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * a. 1225 – to set free.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1280 – to hand over.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1300 – to bring to childbirth, and ''deliverance''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1425 – ''delivery''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 16th century – to utter.^(Hoad 1986)

+ * 1870s – ''deliver the goods''.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take goods, letters or parcels to the proper person or place.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To hand over or [[surrender]]; to [[transfer]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To give or utter: ''deliver a speech'', ''deliver a verdict''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To help in the birth of a baby; to give birth.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To set free or rescue: ''deliver us from evil''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To throw or strike: ''deliver a blow''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To produce what is promised or expected.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[deliverability]]

+ * [[deliverable]]

+ * [[deliverer]]

+ * [[deliverance]]

+ * [[deliverly]]

+ * [[misdeliver]]

+ * [[outdeliver]]

+ * [[predeliver]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[liberate]]

+ * [[liberty]]

+ * [[liberal]]

+ * [[delivery]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}