vicarius Latin · revision 4614

15 Oct 2026, 23:54 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la vicis}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [wɪˈkaː.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [viˈkaː.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''vicārius''' (feminine vicāria, neuter vicārium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|vicis|-ārius|t1=turn, change, place]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Etymonline traces [[m|la|vicis]] to [[ine-pro|*weik-|t=to bend, wind]].^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus, in the Stichus, speaks of a substitute for a word and of a deputy.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As an adjective it meant taking the place of someone or something, substitute, vicarious, as Cicero speaks of the vicarious good faith of friends.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Hyginus and Seneca the Elder use it of death suffered in place of another.^(Georges 1913) As a noun it was a substitute or deputy, a soldier serving in another's place, and specially an under-slave bought by another slave, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In the Theodosian Code it was the deputy of the praetorian prefect.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ In medieval Latin it was used of Christ as God's representative, of the pope as the vicar of Christ and successor of Saint Peter, of a papal legate, and in the Church of a vicar.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) Its descendants include [[fr|vicaire]], [[fr|viguier]] and [[es|veguer]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|vicar]] is recorded around 1300, and [[en|vicarious]] in the 1630s.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a substitute.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of vicarious good faith.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 538/539–594 AD – Gregory of Tours uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''vicar'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Taking another's place, substitute, [[m|en|vicarious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # A substitute, deputy, proxy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # An under-slave owned by another slave.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|vicar]].^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[vicāriānus]]
+ * [[vicāriātus]]
+ * [[vicāriālis]]
+ * [[vicis]]
+ * [[en|vicar]]
+ * [[en|vicarious]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}