universus Latin · revision 4612

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la ūnus, la vertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [uː.nɪˈwɛr.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [u.niˈvɛr.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūniversus''' (feminine ūniversa, neuter ūniversum, adverb ūniversē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound, [[af|la|ūnus|versus|t1=one|t2=turned]], literally “turned into one”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gaffiot contrasts it with [[diversus|alt=dīversus]].^(Gaffiot 2016) The older form is [[m|la|ūnivorsus]], and the Senatus Consultum on the Bacchanalia has the plural [[m|la|oinvorsei]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, in the Trinummus, uses the older form ''ūnivorsus''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the whole of, entire, as Terence's slave says a woman will snatch away at once what a man saved ounce by ounce, and in the plural all without exception.^(OLD 2012) It also meant taken as a whole, opposed to the individual parts, happening all at once, and affecting everyone, general, as Cicero's general burning of the whole city.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The neuter ''ūniversum'' was all things, the whole world.^(Etymonline) Döderlein classes ''ūniversī'' with [[omnis|alt=omnēs]] and [[cunctus|alt=cūnctī]], a totality taken together, against [[quisque]], each individual.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ British medieval writers used the neuter plural of the sum of all things.^(DMLBS) [[en|universe]] is recorded in the 1580s through Old French ''univers''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''ūnivorsus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of the whole.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a general fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1580s – English ''universe'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Whole, entire.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the plural, all without exception, all together.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Taken as a whole; [[m|en|universal]], general.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Happening all at once.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # In the neuter, the whole world, the [[m|en|universe]].^(Etymonline)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ūniversālis]]

+ * [[ūniversē]]

+ * [[ūniversī]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[unus|alt=ūnus]]

+ * [[verto|alt=vertō]]

+ * [[en|universe]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}