orphanus Latin · revision 4607

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Ambrose|origins=grc ὀρφανός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɔr.pʰa.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔr.fa.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''orphanus''' ''m'' (genitive orphanī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ὀρφανός|tr=orphanós|t=without parents, fatherless]],^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) which Etymonline derives from a word meaning “bereft”, from [[ine-pro|*orbʰo-|t=bereft of father]].^(Etymonline) Wiktionary compares the native Latin [[orbus]] “bereaved”, from the same root.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ambrose uses it in his sermons.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Köbler dates Ambrose c. 340–397 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a Late Latin and Christian word for an orphan, used in the Vulgate, as in the Psalms and the Gospel of John.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Augustine glosses it with the classical [[pupillus]].^(Georges 1913) Venantius Fortunatus also uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was an orphan, boy or girl.^(Niermeyer 1976) British writers used it as an adjective of children who had lost both parents, of those who had lost a leader or spiritual guide, and figuratively.^(DMLBS) Its descendants include [[it|orfano]], [[es|huérfano]] and [[pt|órfão]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|orphan]] is recorded around 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 340–397 AD – Ambrose uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''orphan'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|orphan]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Orphaned; bereft of a leader or guide.^(Wiktionary)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[orbus]]

+ * [[en|orphan]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}