habeo Latin · revision 4565

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *gʰh₁b(ʰ)-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈha.be.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaː.be.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''habeō''' (present infinitive habēre, perfect active habuī, supine habitum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*χab/f-ē-|t=has taken, holds]], [[inh|ine-pro|*gʰh₁b(ʰ)-(e)i-|t=to take]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan follows Schrijver in taking the stative as “to have taken”, hence “to have, hold”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|habia|t=may hold]] and [[osc|hafiest|t=will have]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The Oxford Latin Dictionary also compares [[sga|gaibim|t=I take]].^(OLD 2012) The Thesaurus notes that the relation between the Italic forms is hard to judge, and Lewis & Short called the origin doubtful.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears in the Twelve Tables and in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to own or possess, to have with one or wear, to have a quality, to hold under one's command, and to keep or retain.^(OLD 2012) From “to hold” it meant to regard or consider something as so, to know a fact, to hold a meeting or make a speech, and with an adverb to be in a certain state (''bene habēre'').^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Plautus also uses it absolutely for “to live, dwell”.^(OLD 2012) With a gerundive or an infinitive it expressed obligation, and with a perfect participle it said that something was in a certain state.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Late and Medieval Latin ''habēre'' with a past participle became an auxiliary for the perfect, and with an infinitive expressed what will or must happen.^(Wiktionary) It survives as [[it|avere]], [[fr|avoir]] and [[ro|avea]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of owning slaves and of living somewhere.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of holding meetings and regarding things as certain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''able'' is recorded, from ''habilis'', a derivative of ''habēre''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To have, [[m|en|own]], possess.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To have with one; to wear, carry.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To have (a quality, feature or faculty).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To have under one's command or control.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To keep, hold, [[m|en|retain]], ''in animō habēre'', to have in mind.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hold, conduct (a meeting); to make (a speech).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To regard, consider (as); to treat.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To know, be informed of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dwell, live (somewhere).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With an adverb or reflexive, to be (so), ''bene sē habēre'', to be well.^(OLD 2012)

+ # With a gerundive or infinitive, to have (to do).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Late Latin, Medieval Latin)'' An [[m|en|auxiliary]] for the perfect; with an infinitive, will, must.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abhibeō]]

+ * [[adhibeō]]

+ * [[antehabeō]]

+ * [[cohibeō]]

+ * [[dehibeō]]

+ * [[diribeō]]

+ * [[exhibeō]]

+ * [[habēna]]

+ * [[habentia]]

+ * [[habilis]]

+ * [[habitiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[habilitās]]

+ * [[habiliter]]

+ * [[dēbeō]]

+ * [[enubrō]]

+ * [[en|able]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Hoc habet'' “he has got it” was the cry when a gladiator was hit.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein distinguishes [[teneō]], to hold fast in the hand, from ''habēre'', to have in one's power, and [[possideō]], to own.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}