caedo Latin · revision 4562

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *keh₂id-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkae̯.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''caedō''' (present infinitive caedere, perfect active cecīdī, supine caesum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kaid-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*keh₂id-|t=to cut, hew]].^(de Vaan 2008) Possible cognates are [[hy|խայթեմ|tr=xaytʿem|t=to sting]], [[sq|qeth|t=to shave]] and [[goh|heia|t=wooden hammer]].^(de Vaan 2008) The Oxford Latin Dictionary and Georges compare [[sa|खिदति|tr=khidáti|t=presses]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Lewis & Short followed an older link with [[scindō]] “to split”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables use it in ''iūre caesus estō'' “let him be lawfully killed”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it was to cut or fell trees and stone, to strike or beat a person, and to kill, slaughter or cut down in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was used of sacrificing victims, of defeating an army with heavy losses, and of breaking things.^(OLD 2012) Lucilius uses it obscenely of intercourse.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval Latin it kept the senses “to cut” and “to cut off”, of limbs and of wood.^(MLW) Its compounds in [[m|la|-cīdō]] and the nouns in [[m|la|-cīda]] and [[m|la|-cīdium]] gave English ''decide'' and ''suicide''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it of lawful killing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato tells the farmer to cut oak leaves (''frondem querneam caeditō'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''decide'' is recorded, from ''dēcīdere'' “to cut off”.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1650s – English ''suicide'' is recorded, from New Latin ''suicīdium''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|cut]], [[m|en|hew]], [[m|en|fell]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To strike, [[m|en|beat]] (a person).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To kill, slay, murder.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cut down in battle; to defeat with heavy losses.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To slaughter (animals or sacrificial victims).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strike, break (things).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abscīdō]]

+ * [[accidō]]

+ * [[ambecisus]]

+ * [[ancaesus]]

+ * [[ancisus]]

+ * [[caeduus]]

+ * [[caementum]]

+ * [[caesa]]

+ * [[caesim]]

+ * [[caesiō]]

+ * [[caesor]]

+ * [[caestus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caelāmen]]

+ * [[caelātor]]

+ * [[caelātūra]]

+ * [[caelō]]

+ * [[parricīda]]

+ * [[caedēs]]

+ * [[en|decide]]

+ * [[en|suicide]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}