specio Latin · revision 4561

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *speḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈspɛ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈspɛː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''speciō''' (present infinitive specere, perfect active spexī, supine spectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''spiciō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*spekje/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*speḱ-ie/o-|t=to look]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|speture]] and further with [[sa|पश्यति|tr=páśyati|t=sees]], [[ae|spasiia-|t=to perceive]], [[grc|σκέπτομαι|tr=sképtomai|t=to look at]] (with the consonants swapped) and [[goh|spehōn|t=to spy]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was an old word, used by Plautus, Ennius and Cato, for “to see, look at”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) Festus notes that the old writers used the simple verb where later Latin said [[aspiciō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Oxford Latin Dictionary gives senses “to watch over” and “to observe omens” that may only be inferred from compounds such as [[haruspex]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its family stayed productive: [[speculum]] “mirror”, [[speciēs]] “appearance” and [[specimen]], and the compounds [[cōnspiciō]], [[respiciō]] and [[īnspiciō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Georges 1913) English ''species'' and ''respect'' come from them.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a king looking down from the rocks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''species'' and ''respect'' are recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(Old Latin)'' To see, look at, [[m|en|observe]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To watch over; to observe [[m|en|omen|alt=omens]] (perhaps only inferred from compounds).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aspiciō]]

+ * [[circumspiciō]]

+ * [[cōnspiciō]]

+ * [[dēspiciō]]

+ * [[dispiciō]]

+ * [[īnspiciō]]

+ * [[intrōspiciō]]

+ * [[perspiciō]]

+ * [[praespiciō]]

+ * [[prōspiciō]]

+ * [[respiciō]]

+ * [[specula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[avis]]

+ * [[haruspex]]

+ * [[speciēs]]

+ * [[speculum]]

+ * [[spectō]]

+ * [[en|species]]

+ * [[en|respect]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}