debeo Latin · revision 4559

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la habeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdeː.be.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɛː.be.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēbeō''' (present infinitive dēbēre, perfect active dēbuī, supine dēbitum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the uncontracted perfect ''dēhibuistī''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|habeō|t1=away|t2=to have]] by contraction, literally “to hold back from someone, withhold”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus uses it of owing money.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero explains the old sense: the debtor keeps someone else's money.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Classical Latin it was to owe money, to be legally bound to give, to owe services, thanks or one's life, and, with an infinitive, “ought, should”, for moral, logical or practical reasons.^(OLD 2012) Fate could “owe” a death, and the passive meant “to be due”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Latin it kept the senses “must, owe, be bound”.^(MLW) It survives as [[it|dovere]], [[fr|devoir]], [[es|deber]] and [[pt|dever]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of owing money.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''debt'' is recorded, from ''dēbitum'' “thing owed”.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''due'' is recorded as “owed, payable”, from Old French ''deu'', from ''dēbēre''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|owe]] (money).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To be bound to give or provide; to owe (services, thanks).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be indebted (to someone) for.^(OLD 2012)

+ # With an infinitive, to be obliged to; [[m|en|ought]], should.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the passive, to be [[m|en|due]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēbitiō]]

+ * [[dēbitor]]

+ * [[dēbitrix]]

+ * [[dēbitum]]

+ * [[indēbitus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[habeō]]

+ * [[en|debt]]

+ * [[en|due]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts [[necesse est]], the necessity of nature, with [[oportet]], the obligation of morality.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}