energia Latin · revision 4549

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Jerome|origins=grc ἔργον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛ.nɛrˈɡiː.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [e.nerˈd͡ʒiː.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''energīa''' ''f'' (genitive energīae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ἐνέργεια|tr=enérgeia|t=activity, operation]],^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) from [[m|grc|ἐνεργής|tr=energḗs|t=active]], from [[m|grc|ἐν|tr=en|t=in]] and [[m|grc|ἔργον|tr=érgon|t=work]].^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jerome uses it in his letters.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Jerome c. 383–419/420 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a late word for energy, efficiency or force, in Jerome and other Church writers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore uses it as a figure of speech, the vivid presentation of events as if before the eyes.^(Isidore)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was power, operation, efficacy, force and authority, and also inspiration.^(MLW) British writers used it of energy and strength and, in philosophy, of actuality.^(DMLBS) [[en|energy]] is recorded in the 1590s as force of expression, through French ''énergie''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore uses it as a figure of speech.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''energy'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Energy]], force, efficiency.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' Vivid description.^(Isidore)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, philosophy)'' Actuality.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|energy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}