phlegma Latin · revision 4538

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Palladius|origins=grc φλέγω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʰɫɛɡ.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈflɛɡ.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''phlegma''' ''n'' (genitive phlegmatis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|φλέγμα|tr=phlégma|t=flame, heat; inflammation; phlegm]],^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) from [[m|grc|φλέγω|tr=phlégō|t=to burn]].^(Etymonline) Köbler traces it to [[ine-pro|*bʰleg-|t=to shine, burn]].^(Köbler 2010) It is also spelled [[m|la|flegma]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Palladius, in his work on agriculture, uses it of dissolving phlegm.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates him to the end of the 4th or beginning of the 5th century AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a clammy humour of the body, phlegm, a post-classical medical word found in Palladius, Vegetius' veterinary work, Gargilius Martialis and Jerome.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Isidore explains the name from a Greek word for cold, as phlegm is a cold humour, one of the four humours.^(Isidore)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was phlegm, mucus, slime.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) Its descendants include [[it|flemma]], [[fr|flegme]] and [[es|flema]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|phlegm]] is recorded in the late 14th century as one of the four humours, through Old French ''fleume''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * end of 4th / beginning of 5th century AD – Palladius uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore explains its name.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''phlegm'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Phlegm]], mucus; the humour phlegm.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[phlegmaticus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|phlegm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}