trochlea Latin · revision 4535

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Cato|origins=grc τρέχω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtrɔ.kʰɫe.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtrɔː.kle.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''trochlea''' ''f'' (genitive trochleae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|τροχιλεία|tr=trokhileía|t=pulley, block and tackle]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(DMLBS) from [[m|grc|τροχίλος|tr=trokhílos|t=sheave]],^(Wiktionary) from [[m|grc|τροχός|tr=trokhós|t=wheel]] and [[m|grc|τρέχω|tr=trékhō|t=to run]].^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010) Lewis & Short and Georges give the Greek as [[m|grc|τροχαλία|tr=trokhalía]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Spellings include [[m|la|trochilēa]] and [[m|la|troclea]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato, in On Agriculture, mentions pulleys.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a block with pulleys, a block and tackle for raising weights, in Cato, Lucretius and Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Quintilian uses a proverb about bringing up phlegm as if with pulleys, of someone straining to speak.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval British Latin it was a wheel, roller or winding device, also in a loom or wine-press.^(DMLBS) [[en|truckle]] “small wheel” is recorded in the late 14th century through Anglo-French ''trocle'', and [[en|trochlea]] is a learned borrowing.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato mentions pulleys.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius describes it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''truckle'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pulley]] block, block and tackle.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A wheel, roller; a winding device.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[trochleatim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trochus]]

+ * [[en|truckle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}