falsus Latin · revision 4524

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *sgʷʰh₂(e)l-n-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfaɫ.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfal.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''falsus''' (feminine falsa, neuter falsum, superlative falsissimus); first/second-declension participle^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle of [[fallo|alt=fallō]] “to deceive”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan derives ''fallō'' from [[itc-pro|*fal-s-e/o-]], [[ine-pro|*sgʷʰh₂(e)l-n-|t=to stumble]], cognate with [[grc|σφάλλω|tr=sphállō|t=to bring down]] and [[sa|स्खलते|tr=skhalate|t=stumbles]], and thinks the participle may be formed by analogy with [[m|la|salsus]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it from the Twelve Tables onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense was false, untrue, of opinions and reports, as Terence speaks of false rumour, and of persons deceived or mistaken, as in Terence's ''falsus es'' “you are wrong”.^(OLD 2012) It also meant sham or spurious, as Cicero's false accuser, counterfeit, as Catullus' false tears, and fictitious or unreal.^(OLD 2012) Of statements it meant lying, of persons treacherous, and of things deceptive, as Plautus uses it repeatedly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval Latin kept the senses false, incorrect and deceitful.^(MLW)^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''fals'' it gave [[en|false]], recorded in late Old English.^(Etymonline) Its descendants also include [[fr|faux]] and [[it|falso]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of lies and deceits.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of false rumour.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late Old English – English ''false'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Untrue, erroneous, [[m|en|false]]; wrong.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Deceived, mistaken.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Not genuine, sham, [[m|en|spurious]]; counterfeit.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unreal, fictitious, imaginary.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Lying; deceitful, treacherous.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Misleading, deceptive.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A liar, deceiver.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fallo|alt=fallō]]

+ * [[fallacia|alt=fallācia]]

+ * [[en|false]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}