tournament English · revision 4519

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1200|origins=fro torneier}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈtʊə.nə.mənt/, US /ˈtɝː.nə.mənt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|turnement]], tornement,^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|xno|turnement|alt=turnement, tornement]], variants of Old French torneiement,^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998)^(MWU 2024) from torneier “to joust, tilt, take part in tournaments”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) the source of [[tourney]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and the suffix -ment.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) The later English spellings were probably influenced by Medieval Latin tornamentum.^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[turn]].^(AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Probably before 1200 in Barnhart, in the Ancrene Riwle, of a medieval contest between groups of knights on horseback;^(Barnhart 1988) about 1200 in Etymonline, figuratively of a spiritual contest.^(Etymonline) The literal martial sport: about 1300 in Etymonline, 1297 in the OED.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In a tournament several combatants on each side fought at once, as charges of equal troops of cavalry, while a joust was a duel between two.^(Etymonline) The word was applied to the Olympic and other ancient games from 1387,^(OED 1989) and to modern imitations of the medieval pastime from 1701.^(OED 1989) Later it was used of a contest of skill on horseback in running a spear through rings hung up while riding past at full speed.^(Etymonline) A contest in any game of skill, in which many competitors play a series of games, is from 1761, as in a chess or tennis tournament.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In mathematics, a set of points each joined to every other by a directed line is a tournament from 1959.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1200 – first recorded, of a spiritual contest.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1297 – a contest of knights.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1387 – the ancient games.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1638 – figuratively, a trial of strength.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1761 – a contest in any game.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1959 – in mathematics.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A series of contests among many players or teams, the overall winner being the one who prevails in the final round or has the best record.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(history)'' A medieval martial sport in which two groups of mounted, armoured [[knight]]s fought with blunted weapons.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A modern display imitating a [[medieval]] tournament.^(Collins 2023)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pretournament]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tourney]]

+ * [[turn]]

+ * [[tour]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}