lapido Latin · revision 4495
15 Oct 2026, 23:25 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Bellum Hispaniense|origins=la lapis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫa.pɪ.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlaː.pi.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''lapidō''' (present infinitive lapidāre, perfect active lapidāvī, supine lapidātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|lapis|-ō|t1=stone]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The Spanish War, a continuation of Caesar's commentaries, tells how soldiers began to stone and threaten a man who had killed envoys.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to throw stones at, to stone, and Lewis & Short note it is not found before the Augustan age.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Florus says an army stoned its commander, and Petronius uses it too.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Impersonally, ''lapidat'' meant “it rains stones”, a portent Livy often records, as at Veii.^(OLD 2012) Macrobius uses it figuratively of attacking someone, and Petronius of covering with stones.^(Gaffiot 2016) The Vulgate uses it of the stoning of Stephen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ Its descendants include [[fr|lapider]] and [[es|lapidar]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|lapidate]] is recorded in the 1620s, and [[en|dilapidated]] comes from the compound [[dilapido|alt=dīlapidō]].^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy records showers of stones.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of the stoning of Stephen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1620s – English ''lapidate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To throw stones at, to [[m|en|stone]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(impersonal)'' It rains stones.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To cover with stones.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(figurative)'' To assail.^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[dīlapidō]]
+ * [[ēlapidō]]
+ * [[lapidātiō]]
+ * [[lapidator]]
+ * [[lapidēscō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[lapidāris]]
+ * [[lapidārius]]
+ * [[lapideus]]
+ * [[lapidōsus]]
+ * [[lapis]]
+ * [[en|lapidate]]
+ * [[en|dilapidated]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}