negativus Latin · revision 4490

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Gaius|origins=la negō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [nɛ.ɡaːˈtiː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ne.ɡaˈtiː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''negātīvus''' (feminine negātīva, neuter negātīvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|negō|-īvus|t1=to deny]].^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gaius, in his Institutes, calls a legal action negative when it is brought to restrain an opponent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Gaius 140–180 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law it meant restraining, inhibiting, of actions, and in grammar negative, of words, as Gaius says two negative words in a law permit rather than forbid.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short call it a post-classical replacement for the participle of ''negō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Apuleius has a negative particle, and Servius and the scholia on Juvenal oppose it to [[confirmativus|alt=cōnfirmātīvus]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Donatus uses the feminine as a noun, a negation.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In British medieval Latin it was used in grammar, logic and law, and of negative votes in parliament.^(DMLBS) [[en|negative]] is recorded around 1400.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of actions and words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Servius uses it in grammar.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''negative'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(law)'' Restraining, inhibiting.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Denying, [[m|en|negative]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # In the feminine, a [[m|en|negation]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[negātiō]]

+ * [[negātor]]

+ * [[negō]]

+ * [[en|negative]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}