normalis Latin · revision 4489
15 Oct 2026, 23:25 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Manilius|origins=la nōrma}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [noːrˈmaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [norˈmaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''nōrmālis''' (neuter nōrmāle, adverb nōrmāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|nōrma|-ālis|t1=carpenter's square]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Manilius, in his Astronomica, uses ''virgula nōrmālis'' for a carpenter's square.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Köbler dates Manilius to the 1st century AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant made with a carpenter's square, forming a right angle: Quintilian uses ''angulus nōrmālis'' for a right angle, and the land-surveyors speak of perpendicular lines.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) The adverb ''nōrmāliter'' “at right angles” is in Hyginus' work on boundaries.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In medieval Latin it meant according to a monastic rule.^(Niermeyer 1976) British writers used it of perpendicular lines.^(DMLBS) [[en|normal]] is recorded around 1500 as “typical”, from the Late Latin sense “according to rule”, and in geometry from the 1640s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1st century AD – Manilius uses it of a square.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian speaks of a right angle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1500 – English ''normal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Made by the square; [[m|en|perpendicular]], forming a [[m|en|right angle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Late Latin)'' According to rule, [[m|en|normal]].^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' According to a monastic rule.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[nōrmāliter]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[nōrma]]
+ * [[nōrmātiō]]
+ * [[nōrmātūra]]
+ * [[nōrmātus]]
+ * [[nōrmō]]
+ * [[nōrmula]]
+ * [[en|normal]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}