panicum Latin · revision 4487

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la pānus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpaː.nɪ.kũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.ni.kum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pānicum''' ''n'' (genitive pānicī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Wiktionary) The OLD derives it from [[panis|alt=pānis]] “bread”, while Georges, Gaffiot, Köbler and Etymonline derive it from [[panus|alt=pānus]] “ear of millet”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) Wiktionary gives both explanations.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato, in On Agriculture, names it among crops.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was Italian or foxtail millet, mentioned by Caesar in the Civil War and described by Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In British medieval Latin it was Italian millet, said to be useful as food for all.^(DMLBS) Its descendants include [[it|panico]] and [[ro|părâng]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|panic]] “a kind of grass” is recorded in the mid-15th century through Old French ''panic''.^(Etymonline) English ''panic'' “sudden fear” is a different word, from the god Pan.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato names it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar mentions it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''panic'' “panic grass” is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Italian [[m|en|millet]], foxtail millet; panic grass.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pāniceus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|panic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}