futurus Latin · revision 4471

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *bʰh₂u-tó-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [fʊˈtuː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fuˈtuː.rus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''futūrus''' (feminine futūra, neuter futūrum); first/second-declension participle^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the future participle of [[sum]] “to be”, formed on the perfect stem [[fui|alt=fuī]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan derives it from [[ine-pro|*bʰh₂u-tó-]], from [[m|ine-pro|*bʰ(e)h₂u-|t=to become]], and notes that the short stem ⟨fu-⟩ was generalized early.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|futu|t=be!]], [[grc|ἔφυν|tr=éphun|t=grew]] and [[sa|अभूत्|tr=ábhūt|t=has become]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero, in On the Orator, speaks of the hope of future advantage.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a participle it meant about to be, and as an adjective coming, future, as Cicero's present scarcity and future famine.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant immediately impending, as when Pollio, writing to Cicero, says he was far from any suspicion of coming civil unrest.^(OLD 2012) The neuter plural ''futūra'' was the future, and in grammar ''tempus futūrum'' the future tense.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)

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+ Medieval Latin kept it for what is to come, the future life and the next, as Bede speaks of the hope of future immortality.^(DMLBS) [[en|future]] is recorded in the late 14th century through Old French ''futur''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of future advantage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''future'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # About to be, coming, [[m|en|future]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Impending, [[m|en|imminent]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Future.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sum]]

+ * [[fui|alt=fuī]]

+ * [[en|future]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}