addico Latin · revision 4460

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=la dīcō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [adˈdiː.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [adˈdiː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''addīcō''' (present infinitive addīcere, perfect active addīxī, supine addictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ad-|dīcō|t2=to say]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Festus explains it as properly “to say the same, to approve by speaking”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its opposite in augural and legal language is [[abdico|alt=abdīcō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables order the magistrate to award the case to the party present after midday.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables c. 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In augury it meant to speak favourably: the sacred birds ''addīcunt'' when they approve an undertaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In law it meant to assign property or a case to someone, and to hand over a debtor to his creditor, hence ''in servitūtem addīcere'' “to sentence to slavery”.^(OLD 2012) At auctions it meant to knock down to a bidder, and Cicero accuses an opponent of having sold his consulship.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to assign provinces or offices and to ascribe a work to an author, as Gellius does of plays credited to Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Reflexively it meant to devote oneself to a person or party, and it came to mean to surrender, enslave and condemn, as ''mortī addictus'' “doomed to death” in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval Latin kept the senses to assign, to award and to condemn, and to reduce to servitude.^(MLW) [[en|addict]], from the participle [[addictus]], is recorded in the 1530s for devoting oneself to a habit.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it of awarding a case.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of assigning property.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of corrupt sales and of persons doomed to death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of ascribing plays to Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English ''addict'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(augury)'' To be favourable, approve.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' To assign, [[m|en|adjudge]]; to award a case; to hand over a debtor or thief.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To knock down at auction; to sell.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To assign, appoint; to ascribe.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To devote oneself, give one's support.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hand over, surrender; to [[m|en|enslave]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To sentence, [[m|en|condemn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[addictiō]]

+ * [[addictor]]

+ * [[addictus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abdīcō]]

+ * [[benedīcō]]

+ * [[condīcō]]

+ * [[contrādīcō]]

+ * [[dīcō]]

+ * [[ēdīcō]]

+ * [[indīcō]]

+ * [[interdīcō]]

+ * [[maledīcō]]

+ * [[praedīcō]]

+ * [[en|addict]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}