academy English · revision 4450

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing, eponym|attested=1474|origins=grc Ἀκάδημος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /əˈkæd.ə.mi/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fro|Achademie]],^(Etymonline) and directly [[der|la|Acadēmīa]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[grc|Ἀκαδήμεια|tr=Akadḗmeia|t=the grove of Akademos]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) the public garden and gymnasium near Athens where Plato taught,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021) named after [[grc|Ἀκάδημος|tr=Akádēmos]], a legendary Athenian of the Trojan War tales who held the site.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021) In the sense of any school, it came in the 16th century probably through Middle French académie, from Italian accademia, or from New Latin academia,^(Barnhart 1988) as the term spread to several countries at once with Renaissance humanism.^(Barnhart 1988) It is related to [[academic]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The garden near Athens where Plato taught: 1474 in the OED and Barnhart, in Caxton's Game and Play of Chess,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) the mid-15th century in Etymonline, as Achademie.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The name passed from the garden to the school Plato founded,^(Cresswell 2021) and his philosophical school or system is called the Academy from 1677.^(OED 1989) Any place where arts and sciences are taught is from 1549,^(OED 1989) by the 1540s in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) and a place of training in general from 1570, later in special arts, as a riding academy.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) A society for the promotion of literature, science or art, like the French Academy, is from 1691.^(OED 1989) In the 18th century the name was often taken by schools run by Dissenters, and in the United States it came to mean a school between elementary school and university.^(Etymonline) The Academy, the Garden, the Lyceum, the Porch and the Tub were names of the five chief schools of Greek philosophy.^(Etymonline) ''Academic'' is from 1588.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1474 – Plato's garden.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1549 – a place where arts and sciences are taught.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1570 – a place of training.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1588 – ''academic''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1677 – Plato's school of philosophy.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1691 – a learned society.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[school]] for special training: ''a military academy''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A secondary school, especially a private one; in Scotland, a secondary school.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A society of scholars, scientists or artists.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # The academic community; higher [[education]].^(AHD)

+ # ''the Academy'': [[Plato]]'s school of philosophy, or its followers.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Academism]]

+ * [[academese]]

+ * [[military academy]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[academe]]

+ * [[academia]]

+ * [[academic]]

+ * [[academical]]

+ * [[academician]]

+ * [[academicism]]

+ * [[academics]]

+ * [[lyceum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}