cognosco Latin · revision 4442

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵnh₃-sḱé-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔŋˈnoːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koɲˈɲɔs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cognōscō''' (present infinitive cognōscere, perfect active cognōvī, supine cognitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|nōscō|t2=to get to know]], from older [[m|la|gnōscō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(de Vaan 2008) [[m|la|nōscō]] is from [[itc-pro|*gnāske-]], [[ine-pro|*ǵnh₃-sḱé-|t=to get to know]]; de Vaan explains the long vowel /oː/ as introduced to keep it apart from [[nascor|alt=nāscor]] “to be born”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|γιγνώσκω|tr=gignṓskō|t=to know]] and [[sa|जानाति|tr=jānā́ti|t=knows]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In the Miles Gloriosus a character says he now sees he acted foolishly, as he learns the facts.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to get to know, learn, find out, and in the perfect ''cognōvī'' “I know”; contracted forms such as ''cognōram'' and ''cognōstī'' are frequent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also meant to study or master a subject, to become acquainted with persons and places, and to learn by experience.^(OLD 2012) It meant to recognize someone already known, as when Plautus' nurse is the first to recognize a girl.^(OLD 2012) In law it meant to investigate or try a case, as Cicero says nobody can be condemned without a hearing, ''causā incognitā''.^(OLD 2012) The Vulgate uses it as a euphemism for sexual intercourse.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In medieval Latin it kept the senses of perceiving and recognizing.^(MLW) Its descendants include [[fr|connaître]], [[it|conoscere]], [[es|conocer]] and [[ro|cunoaște]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|quaint]] comes, through Old French ''cointe'', from its participle [[cognitus]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of learning and recognizing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of judicial investigation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''quaint'' is recorded, from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To get to know, learn, find out; in the perfect, to know.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To study, master a subject.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To become acquainted with; to know by experience.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To perceive, discern.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|recognize]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' To investigate, hear or try a case.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(euphemistic)'' To have sexual intercourse with.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accognōscō]]

+ * [[cognitiō]]

+ * [[cognitor]]

+ * [[cognitōrius]]

+ * [[cognitus]]

+ * [[cognōbilis]]

+ * [[cognōscibilis]]

+ * [[incognitus]]

+ * [[incognoscō]]

+ * [[percognoscō]]

+ * [[praecognōscō]]

+ * [[recognōscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nosco|alt=nōscō]]

+ * [[agnosco|alt=agnōscō]]

+ * [[ignosco|alt=īgnōscō]]

+ * [[en|quaint]]

+ * [[en|recognize]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}