commendo Latin · revision 4441

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la mandō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔmˈmɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [komˈmɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''commendō''' (present infinitive commendāre, perfect active commendāvī, supine commendātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|mandō|t2=to entrust]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) Etymonline suggests [[m|la|com-]] is an intensive here.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has a character complain that he had no one to entrust a goat to.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to give something in trust or for safekeeping, and to commit a person or state to someone's protection or instruction.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it meant to commit to writing, to memory or to posterity, as Cicero speaks of entrusting one's name to immortality.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) It also meant to bring to someone's favourable notice, to recommend, often of candidates for office, and of qualities to make attractive, as when Cicero says nothing commends an orator more than one thing.^(OLD 2012) Ulpian uses it of pointing out a guardian as suspect.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval Latin it kept the senses to entrust and to hand over, also in education.^(MLW) A Vulgar Latin form ''*commandāre'' gave [[fr|commander]] and [[it|comandare]], and so [[en|command]], while [[en|commend]] is from Latin directly.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of entrusting a goat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of commending names and persons.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''command'' is recorded, from Old French.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''commend'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To entrust, deposit for safekeeping.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To commit to someone's care or protection.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To commit to writing, memory or posterity.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|recommend]]; to recommend a candidate.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make attractive, [[m|en|commend]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To point out, designate.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[commendābilis]]

+ * [[commendātīcius]]

+ * [[commendātiō]]

+ * [[commendatiuus]]

+ * [[commendātor]]

+ * [[commendātrīx]]

+ * [[incommendātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[commandō]]

+ * [[mando|alt=mandō]]

+ * [[en|command]]

+ * [[en|commend]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}