terribilis Latin · revision 4421
15 Oct 2026, 23:10 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la terreō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [tɛrˈrɪ.bɪ.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [terˈriː.bi.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''terribilis''' (neuter terribile, comparative terribilior, adverb terribiliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|terreo|-bilis|t1=to frighten]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|terreō]] continues [[itc-pro|*trozeō]], from [[ine-pro|*troséyeti]], from [[ine-pro|*tres-|t=to tremble]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler dates its first use to Ennius, 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero says of a man “how terrible to look at!”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant inspiring terror or alarm, frightening, of persons, faces, sounds, shouts or death.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Livy says a people's arms were the most feared after the Gallic invasions, and Virgil's Aeneas is terrible in his anger.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gaffiot also gives the sense worthy of respect, venerable.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Christian and medieval Latin it meant awe-inspiring, holy, and death was the ''ultimum terribilium'' “the last of terrible things”.^(Köbler 2010)^(DMLBS) English ''terrible'' is recorded around 1400, from Old French and Latin.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a frightening look.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of Aeneas in anger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1400 – English ''terrible'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Frightful, dreadful, [[m|en|terrible]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Venerable, awe-inspiring.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[terreo|alt=terreō]]
+ * [[terror]]
+ * [[en|terrible]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}