saving English · revision 4406

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=a. 1300}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈseɪ.vɪŋ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|en|save|-ing]] in Middle English:^(MWU 2024)^(SOED 2002) the noun is the verbal noun of the verb [[save]], and the preposition is from its present participle,^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) perhaps modelled on [[touching]].^(SOED 2002)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The noun, “salvation”, from the early 14th century in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) and rescuing or protecting from before 1300 in the OED.^(OED 1989) The adjective, “delivering from sin and death”, is from about 1300.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The preposition, “except”, is from about 1375, in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales,^(Barnhart 1988) and “without offence to”, as in ''saving your reverence'', from before 1387.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) A reservation or saving clause is from 1477, now only in law.^(OED 1989) Economy in spending is from 1551,^(OED 1989) the 1550s in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) ''Savings'', sums saved over time, is from 1727 in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) 1737 in the OED.^(OED 1989) The adjective “preserving from peril” is from 1535,^(OED 1989) and a quality that redeems is from 1599;^(OED 1989) the non-religious ''saving grace'' is by 1903.^(Etymonline) The ''savings bank'' is by 1817 and the ''savings account'' by 1882.^(Etymonline) Johnson in 1755 gave the adjective as “frugal, parsimonious”.^(Johnson 1755)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * a. 1300 – rescue; the saving power of grace.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1375 – preposition, except.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1477 – a reservation.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1551 – economy.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1727 – ''savings''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1817 – ''savings bank''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1903 – a non-religious ''saving grace''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A reduction in spending or cost: ''a saving of 20 per cent''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''savings'': money saved, especially in a bank.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # The avoidance of waste; [[economy]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Rescue from harm or loss.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(law)'' An exception or reservation.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # That saves or rescues; redeeming: ''a saving grace''.^(SOED 2002)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Thrifty, [[economical]].^(SOED 2002)^(Johnson 1755)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # With the exception of; [[except]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Without disrespect to: ''saving your presence''.^(MW Collegiate)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[savingly]]

+ * [[lifesaving]]

+ * [[laborsaving]]

+ * [[space-saving]]

+ * [[timesaving]]

+ * [[daylight saving]]

+ * [[daylight saving time]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[save]]

+ * [[savings]]

+ * [[salvation]]

+ * [[savior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}