quadraginta Latin · revision 4357
15 Oct 2026, 22:45 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kʷétuores}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kʷa.draːˈɡɪn.taː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kʷa.draˈd͡ʒin.ta]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''quadrāgintā''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It continues [[ine-pro|*kʷt(u)r-dḱmt-|t=forty]], from [[ine-pro|*kʷétuores|t=four]], the source of [[quattuor]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reports Schrijver's view that [[m|la|quadr-]] arose by voicing of /t/ in clusters, as in this numeral, and that the long ā is phonetic, from [[m|ine-pro|*kʷadr-Hkmt-]] as Kortlandt proposed.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|τετρώκοντα|tr=tetrṓkonta]] and [[sa|चत्वारिंशत्|tr=catvāriṃśát]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus onwards, and Plautus has forty-four minae in the Mostellaria.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It is the indeclinable numeral forty, as Cicero's man forty years old and Livy's forty-five.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Medieval writers used it of the forty days of Lent.^(DMLBS)
+
+ Its descendants include [[fr|quarante]] and [[fr|quarantaine]].^(Köbler 2010) Through Italian ''quaranta giorni'' “forty days” it gave English ''quarantine'' in the 1660s, the period a ship was kept isolated.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a man forty years old.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1660s – English ''quarantine'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Numeral===
+ # [[m|en|forty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The forty days of [[m|en|Lent]].^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[quadrāgēnī]]
+ * [[quadrāgēsimus]]
+ * [[quadrāgiēns]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[quattuor]]
+ * [[en|quarantine]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}