progressus Latin · revision 4353

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la prōgredior}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōgressus''' ''m'' (genitive prōgressūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|progredior|-tus|t1=to go forward]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|prōgredior]] is from [[m|la|prō-]] and [[gradior]] “to step”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero, in the Philippics, says Brutus blocked Antony's advance and checked his return.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a forward movement, an advance, and Cicero uses it of the regular advances and retreats of the planets.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Vitruvius uses it of a projecting structure such as a jetty.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively it was progress or development, as in Cicero's man so advanced in Stoic studies that he was compared with Greeks, and an increase in age.^(OLD 2012) Cicero's ''prīmō prōgressū'' means at the very start.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was a path or means of advance, and an expedition or tour.^(DMLBS) English ''progress'' is recorded in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of Antony's advance and of progress in study.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a jetty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''progress'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An advance, forward movement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A projecting structure, jetty.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # [[m|en|progress]], development; increase in age.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An expedition, tour.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[progredior|alt=prōgredior]]

+ * [[en|progress]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}