primarius Latin · revision 4350

15 Oct 2026, 22:38 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la prīmus}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [priːˈmaː.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [priˈmaː.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''prīmārius''' (feminine prīmāria, neuter prīmārium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|primus|-ārius|t1=first]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL, after Leumann, thinks it was formed from [[m|la|prīmus]] used as a noun.^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus uses it of a leading man and of a first-rate parasite.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant of the highest rank, leading, as Terence's ladies of the first rank and Cicero's leading man of the people.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It meant first-rate at something, as Pliny's first-rate warrior and Apuleius' Demosthenes, master of speaking.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius also uses it of things, chief, most important.^(OLD 2012) The Vulgate uses ''lapis prīmārius'' of the foundation stone.^(Georges 1913)
+ 
+ In medieval Latin it meant original, primordial, the first of a number and primary.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) As a noun it was a chief man or governor, from Gregory the Great, and in 1323 an elementary book.^(Köbler 2010) English ''primary'' is recorded in the early 15th century as “earliest, most basic”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a leading man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a leading citizen.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 540–604 AD – Gregory the Great uses it as a noun for a chief.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''primary'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of the first rank, leading, chief.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # First-rate, excellent.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Original, [[m|en|primary]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A chief man, governor; an elementary book.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[primus|alt=prīmus]]
+ * [[en|primary]]
+ * [[en|premier]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}