pressura Latin · revision 4349

15 Oct 2026, 22:37 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Seneca|origins=la premō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [prɛsˈsuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [presˈsuː.ra]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''pressūra''' ''f'' (genitive pressūrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|premo|-ūra|t1=to press]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Seneca, in the Natural Questions, speaks of the pressure of waters.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Seneca 4 BC–65 AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant pressing, pressure, and Lewis & Short call it post-Augustan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella and Pliny use it of the pressing of grapes or olives and of the liquid pressed out, and Pliny says one pressing should fill twenty sacks.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Frontinus uses it of pressure on water, and Apuleius of the pressing of eyelids and of a crowd.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Caelius Aurelianus uses it of the oppressive feeling of a nightmare.^(Georges 1913)
+ 
+ In Christian Latin it meant affliction, tribulation, distress, and the TLL cites the Old Latin Gospel of John.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) In medieval Latin it was also a winepress and the lord's revenue from it.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''pressure'' is recorded in the late 14th century as “suffering, anguish”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the pressure of waters.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of pressing wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of a crowd.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''pressure'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Pressing, [[m|en|pressure]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # The pressing of grapes or olives; the juice pressed out.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # A throng, crowd.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Affliction, tribulation.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A winepress; its revenue.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pressim]]
+ * [[pressiō]]
+ * [[pressō]]
+ * [[pressōrius]]
+ * [[pressulē]]
+ * [[pressulus]]
+ * [[pressus]]
+ * [[premo|alt=premō]]
+ * [[en|pressure]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}